I. Background
At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is flourishing. International competition has gradually changed from competition among enterprises, industries, and industrial chains to competition among industrial clusters, industrial networks, and industrial ecosystems. The report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly stated that China's industry should be advanced towards the mid-to-high end of the global value chain, and a number of world-class advanced manufacturing clusters should be cultivated. New materials are one of the cornerstones of the country's leading industry for building and developing the national economy, high-end manufacturing, and the defense industry. Therefore, building a world-class new material industrial cluster is the key guarantee for cultivating a world-class advanced manufacturing cluster.
Connotation and essential characteristics of world-class new material industrial clusters
1. Features of a world-class new material industry cluster
Before understanding the meaning of a world-class new material industrial cluster, it is necessary to clarify the meaning of a world-class advanced manufacturing cluster.
World-class advanced manufacturing clusters are geographically concentrated by leading enterprises, universities, research institutes, and related intermediaries in a certain area, forming a highly collaborative, open, technologically advanced, and regional influence regional innovation network. It is at the mid-to-high end of the global value chain such as technology, products, processes, and marketing, and it is an industrial highland of the world's advanced level in leading global value chains, network innovation, technological innovation, brand innovation, international innovation and cluster governance innovation.
The world-class new material industrial cluster is a new material industrial network with a well-integrated industrial chain, clear division of labor, reasonable layout, and innovative collaboration formed by the high concentration of new material advanced manufacturing enterprises and related institutions. It has international operations, brand effects, technological levels, and markets. Competitiveness is at the leading level in the world, and it is an advanced form of new material industry cluster and regional integrated development.
The connotation of the world-class new material industry cluster is reflected in three aspects
(1) Regional. It is the geographic concentration of several multinational companies and a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises in a manufacturing industry. Bring together world-class leading companies and branded products in the field of new materials, and present a harmonious development pattern led by backbone enterprises and supporting production and innovation by SMEs.
(2) Cosmopolitan. The cluster is at the mid-to-high end of the global value chain, and it has a place in the global competitive landscape of new material production development and technological innovation. The scale of output value occupies a large share in the country and even the world.
(3) Advancement. In terms of technological innovation, business models, industrial ecology, etc., the world's new materials industry is leading to high-end, intelligent, service-oriented, green, and ecological development, occupying the commanding heights of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution in the world.
2. Typical world-class new material industry cluster
After years of development of the new materials industry in various regions of the world, many industrial clusters have been formed, including Silicon Valley in the United States, Tsukuba Science City in Japan, Cambridge Science Park in the United Kingdom, and Dade Science Park in South Korea.
(1) U.S. Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley is an important force for technological innovation in the world and one of the most innovative industrial clusters in the world. At present, it has more than 1 million scientific and technological personnel and an annual output value of more than 700 billion US dollars. It has spawned a large number of well-known high-tech companies including Apple, Google, Intel, Hewlett-Packard, Cisco, Oracle, IBM, etc., and has formed a microelectronics industry and information technology. Industry, new energy and new materials industry, biomedical industry and other industrial clusters. The average per capita income is $ 140,000, more than double the US average of $ 68,000.
(2) Tsukuba Science City, Japan
Japan's Tsukuba Science City is Japan's largest scientific research base and serves as an important base for Japan to build a world-class nanotechnology research and development base. The Tsukuba Science City has the University of Tsukuba and 31 national research institutes. Gathered more than 300 research and development-oriented companies such as Intel Japan Branch, SoftEther Software Corporation, Japan's Shinshinwa Co., Ltd., and Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., among which 1/2 of the researchers received their PhDs and 1/4 came from Europe and the United States. In other countries and regions such as South Korea and India, a large number of scientific and technological achievements of international advanced level are produced every year.
(3) Cambridge Technology Park
Cambridge Science Park is the most successful science park in Europe and one of the most famous science parks in Europe. Cambridge Science and Technology Park is based on the university-industry-industrial cooperation led by the University of Cambridge. It is committed to the development of high-tech industries such as life sciences, biomedicine, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, new materials, and national defense. It has more than 120 companies, of which 61% of them originated from At the University of Cambridge, 50% of companies have been established for more than ten years, and 30% are foreign-funded companies with more than 6,500 employees.
(4) Korea Daedeok Technology Park
The Daedeok Science and Technology Park in South Korea integrates education, scientific research, and production, focusing on basic sciences such as communications, energy, fine chemistry, new materials, biomedicine, and machinery, as well as high-tech and large-scale composite technologies of national strategic industries. Under the leadership of the government, the park actively attracts foreign advanced enterprises and research institutions to enter, and forms a cooperative relationship with overseas research and development innovation groups. The laws and regulations, taxation, investment and financing, and incubation have been completed and entered the ranks of world-class clusters.
3. China has the basics and advantages to build a world-class industrial cluster
The scale of output value of new materials in the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, the Bohai Rim and other regions in China ranks among the highest in the country, with enhanced industrial innovation capabilities and regional cooperation, and it has a certain development foundation in building a world-class industrial cluster.
The Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions are currently the three major comprehensive new material industry clusters in China. The enterprises are densely distributed, universities and research institutes are numerous, and they have advantages in capital and markets. Gather.
The Bohai Rim region has many large corporate headquarters and key scientific research institutions. It is the region with the most concentrated scientific and technological innovation resources in China. Technology innovation is most obvious. It has a comparative advantage in nanomaterials, biomedical materials, new energy materials, and electronic information materials. Strong competitive advantage.
The Yangtze River Delta has a solid industrial foundation, convenient transportation and logistics, and complete industrial facilities. It is the region with the largest number of new material industrial bases in China and an important consumer market for new material products. The huge market demand and strong industrial foundation, while attracting the headquarters and R & D centers of large domestic and foreign enterprises to converge in the Yangtze River Delta region, it also provides development space for the growth of domestic innovative SMEs. At present, new material industry clusters have been formed, including aerospace, new energy, electronic information, and emerging chemical industries.
The new material industry in the Pearl River Delta region is mainly distributed in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan and other places. It is mainly export-oriented. The new material industry is highly concentrated, and technological innovation-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises are dominant. The supporting industries are mainly supported by downstream industries. Obviously, a relatively complete industrial chain has been formed, which has strong advantages in the fields of electronic information materials, modified engineering plastics, ceramic materials and the like.
Fourth, the gap between China's new materials industrial clusters and world-class industrial clusters
Although China's new materials industry cluster shows a trend of densely distributed enterprises, numerous scientific research institutes, and a high concentration of supporting factors such as funds and markets, there is a certain gap compared with the world-class new materials industry cluster, which is manifested in the lack of world-class new materials The overall planning and guidance of industrial clusters, the lack of competitiveness of local leaders in the international market, inadequate regional cooperation, and outstanding innovation capabilities.
The first is the lack of overall planning and guidance for the development of world-class industrial clusters of new materials. Some regions have blindly engaged in the construction, spreading of pavilions, and projects, leading to severe regional division and waste of resources.
Second, the number of local leading companies is not enough, and the brand influence is not strong enough. It is in the middle and low-end links in the international division of labor and the global industrial chain, and has a small international market share. .
Third, the regional cooperation is insufficient, and there is no effective regional innovation and coordination mechanism. Industry development has not yet formed a joint force, homogeneous layouts are still widespread, an industrial structure with reasonable division of labor and complementary advantages has not yet formed, and cluster benefits are not obvious.
Fourth, some industrial clusters are mainly based on OEM production, with low technical content. Core technologies in some fields are controlled by the United States, Japan, and Germany, and key components and equipment still rely heavily on imports.
V. High structure and new mechanism to help build a world-class new material industry cluster
With reference to the connotation and characteristics of world-class industrial clusters, combined with the development basis of China's new material industrial clusters, in response to problems and deficiencies in development, China's new material industrial clusters should highlight innovation, strengthen the main body, open up, promote integration, and promote the industrial chain , Innovation chain, talent chain, and policy chain are interconnected to build a world-class new material industry cluster.
Combining central guidance with local leadership to improve cultivation methods and mechanisms. China needs to accelerate the formulation of a new material industry cluster policy system based on the practice of industrial clusters, with cluster innovation and organizational change at the core, promote cross-regional collaboration and open integration, and effectively enhance the international competitiveness of world-class new material industry clusters.
The combination of cross-regional collaboration and integrated development transforms and upgrades the concept of cultivation. Establish a shared benefit-sharing mechanism, establish an innovative pattern of interconnection, mutual complementarity, and collaboration between enterprises and various institutions in the cluster, promote the aggregation of various elements within the cluster, and promote the transformation and upgrading of the cluster.
Attach importance to the cultivation of international competitiveness of cluster enterprises, especially local enterprises. Pay attention to the cultivation and shaping of the entire industry supporting environment and mutual understanding and trust of the cluster culture, effectively solve the problem of cooperation between competitive enterprises, and then cultivate the international competitiveness of the cluster. This competitiveness requires clusters to be actively embedded in the global industry chain, value chain and innovation chain, and to continuously enhance the cluster's openness and inclusiveness and regional rooting.
